Security against Infectious Disease Threats
--- Policy Responses Abroad
Takashi Sekiyama
Associate Professor, Kyoto University
1. Introduction
If it is the government's security responsibility to protect the people's life and property and economic and social stability, governments are required to undertake preparedness and countermeasures associated with the prevention and early detection of, as well as prompt response to, infectious diseases. Security is an equivocal notion, but it can be generalized as an act to protect "something" (object) from "something" (threat). Infectious diseases, whether of natural or artificial (biological weapons, bioterrorism) origin, are threatening not only the safety of life of individuals but also the nations and the international community directly or indirectly. The spread of infectious diseases worldwide has various impacts on society --- population decline, labor shortage, the disruption of economic activities (production and consumption), the decrease of supply, the increase of demand, the shortage of specific resources due to buying up, and large-scale movements of the population to escape the threat of infectious diseases.
The novel coronavirus is gravely affecting human life, economy, and society around the world, but the degrees of damage vary widely from country to country. In the United States, Brazil, India, and Russia, COVID-19 continues to spread, while South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam control it relatively well. European countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Italy, initially could not check the spread of the disease but are now calming down the infection. Israel, Iran, Croatia, etc., on the other hand, first seemingly contained the infection, but now are hit by the second wave of outbreak. Japan was initially criticized for its policy responses at home or from abroad, the number of infections in the country stays low if viewed internationally. Thus, the spread of the novel coronavirus infection varies from country to country.
Why does the status of the novel coronavirus infection so widely differ among countries? Why has Japan been able to control the spread of infection rather well? Can Japan prevent the second wave of COVID-19?
Several hypotheses have appeared on factors that vitally affect the status of infection in each country --- differences in lifestyle such as mask-wearing and hand-washing, collective immunity against coronavirus, the possible effect of BCG vaccination, and differences in race. Whether these hypotheses are true or false must be verified by experts concerned.
This paper will delve into the correlation between policy responses and the status of the novel coronavirus infection in a number of countries. Focusing on (1) restrictions on activities (school closure, telework, the self-restraint of going out, the cancellation of events and meetings, and restrictions in movement and traffic) as well as (2) testing/contact tracing policies, we will analyze how these policy measures are related to changes in the number of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people). The purpose of this paper is to gain insights into policy responses necessary to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus infection.
2. Methodology
(1) Target Countries and the Period of Survey
For the survey on which this paper is based, we selected the following 18 countries. The period of survey was from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020.
(2) Data
In this paper, we focused on changes in the number of newly confirmed carriers per day as an indicator to understand the current status of infection. We calculated a 7-day rolling average per million people in each target country based on the number of newly confirmed carriers per day released by WHO. The only exception is Taiwan, on which data we retrieved from the website "Our World In Data" run by the University of Oxford.
To compare policy responses taken by target countries, we used the data of "The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker" (OxCGRT) run by the University of Oxford. OxCGRT has come up with 17 indicators on government responses against COVID-19 of more than 160 countries around the world. Out of the 17 indicators, this paper employs: (1) "School closing," "Workplace closing," "Cancel public events," Restrictions on gatherings," "Close public transport," "Stay at home requirements," "Restrictions on internal movement," and "International travel controls" (8 activity limitation indicators), and (2) "Testing policy" and "Contact tracing" (2 testing/contact tracing indicators). OxCGRT evaluates the effectiveness of each indicator with a value ranging from 0 to 4. For ease of comparison, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of the above ten indicators with a value ranging from 0 to 100.
(3) Method of Analysis
Using these data, we first considered the correlation between the content of policy responses and the spread of infection. Regarding each of the ten countries in groups 1 and 3 in Table 1, we conducted a multiple regression analysis on the correlation between the above ten indicators (eight activity limitation indicators and two testing/contact tracing indicators) and the number of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people) at the time of 14 days after those policy responses were taken.
Next, we examined whether Japan took policy responses at a relatively early or late stage of the spread of infection compared to other countries. On February 25, 2020, the Japanese government launched full-scale policy responses with the announcement of "Basic Policies for Novel Coronavirus Disease Control." Then, Japan's activity limitation indicators rose from 17.2 to 31.0, and the number of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people) was 0.12. Likewise, we compared the numbers of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people) in the other 17 target countries when the value of activity limitation indicators exceeded 20.
Thirdly, we compared the correlation between changes in the status of infection and restrictions on activities and testing/contact tracing policies of each target country. In other words, regarding all the 18 target countries, we graphed for sequential comparison the change of restrictions on activities and testing/contact tracing policies, as well as changes in the number of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people).
3. Results and Discussion
(1) Contents of Policy Responses and Infection Control
We conducted a multiple regression analysis on the correlation between the number of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people) and restrictions on activities and testing/contact tracing policies of 10 target countries of groups 1 and 3 in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
The results of this analysis indicate that it is impossible to find common characteristics among the target countries' policy responses that are in a negative correlation with the increase in new infections. Or, it is highly likely that factors peculiar to each target country, such as lifestyle and customs, are intimately related to infection control. Consequently, which of the specific policy responses --- school closures, telework, the self-restraint of going out, cancellation of events and meetings, or restrictions on movement and traffic --- is effective will vary depending on the situation of each target country.
Therefore, the above analysis results indicate that even if specific policy responses such as school closures or restraints on events help infection control in one country, the same measures will not necessarily work in other countries.
(2) The Time of Initiating Restrictions on Activities and the Spread of Infection
Next, we examined how much the speed of policy responses of each target country should affect infection control. In Japan, on February 25, 2020, when the number of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people) was 0.12, the government announced the "Basic Policies for Novel Coronavirus Disease Control," launching such policy responses as a request for the cancellation or postponement of large-scale events and the recommendation of telework. At this point, the value of activity limitation indicators rose from 17.2 to 31.0. We compared the numbers of new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people) in target countries when the value of activity limitation indicators exceeded 20 and then 30. The results appear in Table 3.
Japan fully started restrictions on activities when its number of new infections per day was much smaller than the average of the 18 target countries. In Japan, more voices are criticizing the government's initial delay, but viewed internationally, the government's initial action was not fatally slow. Compared to the United Kingdom and Germany that could not resist the spread of infection, Japan's initial response was rather quick.
Meanwhile, Table 3 shows that the United States, Brazil, India, and Russia, all of which are currently facing the gravest COVID-19 outbreaks in the world, began policy responses comparable to those of Japan when they had as many daily new infections as Japan or less. That is, the speed of initial response to limit activities does not necessarily influence subsequent infection control.
(3) Restrictions on Activities and Testing/Contact Tracing Policies and the Status of Infection
Thirdly, we compared the target countries in terms of the correlation between changes in the status of infection and restrictions on activities and testing/contact tracing policies. We graphed the results as follows.
A common feature found among East Asian countries that are adequately controlling the spread of infection is that the value of testing/contact tracing indicators is high. The value of activity limitation indicators, on the other hand, does not necessarily indicate commonality. (See Figure 1)
Conversely, in both the United States and Brazil, where the spread of infection is underway, the value of activity limitation indicators is by no means low, but that of testing/contact tracing indicators is low, compared to countries that have succeeded in controlling the infection. Both India and Russia, with a high cumulative number of infections and fatalities following the United States and Brazil, are comparable to the East Asian countries successfully controlling infection, in terms of the values of both activity limitation indicators and testing/contact tracing indicators. The absolute number of infections in India is large, but that of new infections per million people in India is one digit smaller than in the United States and Brazil. In Russia, the number of new infections has peaked out. (See Figure 2)
Regarding European countries experiencing the outbreak of grave infection, the value of activity limitation indicators was high on average; the value of testing/contact tracing indicators was not high at the outset of the spread of infection. Changes in the values of activity limitation indicators and testing/contact tracing indicators show that European countries upgraded testing/contact tracing policies while enforcing restrictions on activities. (See Figure 3)
As far as countries suffering from the second wave of infection are concerned, the value of activity limitation indicators was high, but that of testing/contact tracing indicators was not so high, compared to European countries where the spread of COVID-19 has calmed down. Especially in Australia, Israel, and Iran, the easing of restrictions on activities without strengthening testing/contact tracing measures seems to have led to the outbreak of the second wave of infection. (See Figure 4)
Japan has so far managed to keep the number of infections low, even though the values of activity limitation indicators and testing/contact tracing indicators are low --- a feature that distinguishes the nation from other East Asian countries that are controlling the infection relatively well. This may be credited to factors such as differences in lifestyle --- mask-wearing and hand-washing, existing collective immunity against coronavirus, the effect of BCG vaccination, and differences in race. Another reason may be that Japanese people have complied with the government's non-compulsory request for restrictions on activities. However, like countries that have been hit by the second wave of outbreak, Japan has eased restrictions on activities without sufficiently strengthening testing/contact tracing measures. As a result, the number of recent new infections per day (7-day rolling average per million people) is on the rise.
5. Conclusion
This paper examined the correlation between policy responses and the status of the novel coronavirus infection in each target country. The results of analysis and discussion are summarized as follows.
(1) Which of the specific policy responses --- school closures, telework, the self-restraint of going out, the cancellation of events and meetings, or restrictions on movement and traffic --- is effective will vary depending on the situation of each target country.
(2) The speed of initial response to limit activities does not necessarily influence subsequent infection control.
(3) Regarding countries that are controlling the spread of infection relatively well, the intensity of restrictions on activities varies between countries, but thorough testing and contact tracing is a shared feature.
(4) Severe restrictions on activities prevent the spread of infection in many countries, but the second wave of outbreak occurs in such countries that have eased restrictions on activities without the capability of implementing thorough inspection and contact tracing.
In short, this paper concludes that testing and contact tracing is more vital than restrictions on activities to control the spread of infection. This point is especially important when we consider balancing infection control and economic activities. Severe limitations on activities will lead to a stagnant economy in terms of production and consumption and have a profound impact on people's life. However, the experiences of China, Taiwan, and South Korea show that thorough testing and contact tracing is capable of achieving infection control, if we do not necessarily enforce severe restrictions on activities. Conversely, without thorough testing and contact tracing, even if the spread of infection could be temporarily suppressed by restrictions on activities, the infection would immediately break out again, as soon as the restrictions have been eased --- as is evident from the experiences of Australia, Iran, and Israel. Different from these countries, Japan seems to have overcome the first wave of infection since Japanese people complied with the government's non-compulsory request for restrictions on activities. However, Japan is highly likely to face the second wave of COVID-19 because she eased the self-restraint request without fully strengthening the system of testing and contact tracing.
References
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT). Retrieved from https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker.
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- February 2020, "Japan's Space and Cyberspace Policy" Yukinari Hirose Former President of the National Institute for Defense Studies
- December 2019, "The US-China Confrontation --- Where Will Hegemony Reside Next?" Akio Takahara Professor, the University of Tokyo
- December 2019, "Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy" Osamu Tanaka Chief Senior Researcher, Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
- December 2019, "US Strategic Perception on China: Implications for US Allied Partners" Tsuneo Watanabe Senior Fellow, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- November 2019, "The Xi Jinping Administration's View of the International Order– China's emphasis on United Nations diplomacy and liberal economic policies−" Shin Kawashima, Professor, the University of Tokyo
- November 2019, "The Future of China's Security Strategy" Hideshi Tokuchi, Senior Fellow, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- November 2019, "China --- Its Confidence and Anxiety" Bonji Ohara, Senior Research Fellow, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- August 2019: Several Perspectives on the Korean Peninsula Issue--- The Deteriorating Japan-South Korea Relationship and the Uncertain Denuclearization of North Korea --- By Masahiro Akiyama Chairman, the SSDP
- July 2019, "An Outlook on the Denuclearization of North Korea--- What is the Stance of North Korea?---", Junya Nishino, Professor, Keio University
- July 2019, "An Outlook on the Denuclearization of North Korea --- How will the US move?", Narushige Michishita, Vice President, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- July 2019, "Discussion on Denuclearization of North Korea", SSDP Discussion Meeting on May 8, 2019
- May 2019: "Current Status and Prospects of South Korea and Japan's Frictions over History: How to address the Judicial Problems", Masao Okonogi, Professor Emeritus, Keio University
- May 2019: "South Korea and Japan's Frictions over History" (Comments), Junya Nishino, Professor, Keio University
- May 2019: Japan and South Korea Relationships (Question & Answer)
- March 2019: "The Present State and Prospects of the Indian Economy and Economic Policies" written by Koji Kobayashi, Senior Economist Mizuho Research Institute Ltd.
- March 2019: "The "Modi diplomacy" in the History of Indian diplomacy--- Departure from or maintenance of the traditional diplomacy? ---" written by Toru Ito, The National Defense Academy of Japan
- February 2019: Dynamics of Indian Politics and the 2019 General Elections, written by Chiharu Takenaka, Professor of Rikkyo University
- February 2019: "Cooperative Strategy" to Realize "Competitive Strategy"--- The composite structure of Japan's "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" strategy (vision) ---, written by Matake Kamiya, Professor at The National Defense Academy of Japan
- January 2019:, A paper, "How will the US midterm elections results affect the Trump administration's foreign policy for 2019?" written by Tsuneo Watanabe, Senior Fellow, the Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- January 2019:, A paper, "The Present and Future of the International Trade Order" , written by Akihiko Tamura, Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- December 2018: The US-China Competition and Japan, written by Ryo Sahashi, Professor at Kanagawa University
- December 2018: An Outlook for the US-China Trade War―What makes the two economically interdependent superpowers confront each other?―, written by Takashi Sekiyama, Associate professor at Toyo University
- September 2018: Proposal, "The Denuclearization of North Korea and the Restoration of Peace in the Korean Peninsula― Correct Perceptions and Eight Proposals on Japan's North Korea Diplomacy-" edited by the Society of Security and Diplomatic Policy Studies
- September 2018: "The Taiwan Policy of the Xi Jinping Administration in its Second Term: An Outlook on Cross-Strait Relations in the New Era" written by Yasuhiro Matsuda, Professor of the Tokyo University
- July 2018: "The EU States and Russia on North Korea Issues- Expansion of Influence through Diplomacy: Attempts and Limitations -" lectured by Yuichi Hosoya, Professor of Keio University
- "An Assessment of the US-North Korea Summit and an Outlook for the Future of the Korean Peninsula" lectured by Junya Nishino, Professor of Keio University
- "Korean Peninsula Issue and Japan's Future Security Policy" written by Hideshi Tokuchi, Senior Fellow of National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- July 2018: "US North Korea policy affected by personnel changes in the Trump administration" lectured by Tsuneo Watanabe, Senior Fellow of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation.
- "China-North Korea relationship under Xi Jinping" lectured by Shin Kawashima, Professor of the Tokyo University.
- "North Korean Denuclearization and Russia" lectured by Nobuo Shimotomai, Professor of the Hosei University.
- March 2018: "The Network Hegemony Theory for a Security Architecture in The Asia Pacific Region" lectured by Masahiro Akiyama, Chairman, the Society of Security and Diplomatic Policy Studies
- January 2018: "A Destabilized Middle East" lectured by Koichiro Tanaka, Professor, Keio University
- December 2017: "Problems in Sino-Japanese Relations, 1992-2042" lectured by Ezra F. Vogel, Professor of the Social Sciences Emeritus at Harvard University
- November 2017: "The Future of the Asia-Pacific Region" written by Yoriko Kawaguchi, Fellow, the Meiji Institute for Global Affairs, Former Minister Foreign Affairs
- October 2017: "A New Trend in India's Foreign Policy and Japan" Written by HIROSE,Takako, Professor, Senshu University
- August 2017: "The Shocks that shook the Transatlantic World and their Implication for Japan's Foreign Policy" written by HOSOYA, Yuichi, Professor, Keio University
- August 2017: "Does Economic Interdependence not Encourage Collaboration? ―Thinking Japan-China Relations from an Economic Perspective―" written by Takashi SEKIYAMA, Ph.D., Toyo University
- July 2017: Proposal article "The Trump Administration's Impact on the Cross-Strait Relations" written by Yasuhiro Matsuda, Ph.D.
- June 2017: Proposal article "The outlook for the relationship between two great powers and implications for Japanese diplomacy" written by Professor Shin Kawashima
- May 2017: (Emergency Proposal) Facing the Inconvenient Truth: Re-examining Policy for Peace and Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula (Chief author, Masao Okonogi)
- March 2017: "Economic Influences of the Trump Administration" written by Professor Motoshige Ito
- February, 2017: Proposal article "Trump's Foreign and Security Policy - Unpredictable President, Realistic Secretaries - " written by Mr. Tsuneo Watanabe is posted on the website of SSDP.
- December, 2016: Proposal article "Reconsidering North Korea Policy: How to Deal with a Nuclear Armed Divided States" written by Professor Masao Okonogi is posted on the website of SSDP.
- Taiwan-Japan Round Table on August 24th, at Capital Tokyu Hotel
- Japan-Korea Political Leaders Dialogue was held on February 10th,2023 at International House of Japan
- March 2022, A remembrance seminar "Remembering Professor Ezra Vogel" held on January 17, 2022
- March 2021, Japan-ROK Parliamentary Dialogue -Japan-ROK Cooperation in the Era of US-China Competition- held on March 11, 2021
- December 2020: The report of the Japan-ROK Future Dialogue held on November 21 to discuss "Japan-ROK Cooperation in the Post-Covid-19 Era
- October 2020: "Responses to COVID-19 and Agendas for the Post-COVID-19 Era", A Brief Overview of the Japan-Korea Experts Dialogue held on July 29,30, 2020
- October 2020: "The China-Taiwan Confrontation over Corona Response and Taiwan's Security" written by Makoto Ogata, Former Chief of the Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association in Taipei
- May 2020: "Rivalries in the Middle East in New Security Dynamics", Written by Sayed Ghoneim, Major General (retired) of the Egyptian Armed Forces, Chairman, Institute for Global Security & Defence Affairs
- March 2020: The Japan-South Korea Relationship in a Cul-de-Sac--- Where is an Exit ? Masao Okonogi Professor Emeritus, Keio Universit
- December 2019: The Hong Kong Upheaval and the Future of Cross-Straits Relations-The 2019 Japan-Taiwan Strategic Dialogue Report OGATA, Makoto Former Chief of the Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association in Taipei
- August 2019: Report; 2019 FUTURE CONSENSUS DIALOGUE --Sustainable Prosperity and Future of Korea-U.S.-Japan Cooperation-- By Future Consensus Institute (Yeosijae)
- June 2019: Report on India – Japan Security Dialogue 2019 by Ms. Vindu Mai Chotani, Ph.D Student, The University of Tokyo
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June 2019: Four papers on Japan-India Cooperation submitted to India-Japan Security Dialogue 2019
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Japan's Rationale for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision
Tsuneo Watanabe, Senior Fellow, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation -
The Significance and Possibilities of India-Japan Cooperation in the Concept of the Indo-Pacific
Toru ITO Associate Professor, National Defense Academy of Japan -
Japan-India Defense Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Context - Operationalizing the Security Aspect of the Indo-Pacific Vision –
Hideshi Tokuchi, Senior Fellow, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) -
India-US-Japan Defense Cooperation: What's next?
Dr. Satoru Nagao, Hudson Institute
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Japan's Rationale for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision
- November 2018: "The Present State of the Japanese Economy and Policy Issues" lectured by Motoshige Itoh, Professor Emeritus at the University of Tokyo.
- November 2018: "Expanding Social Security Expenses and Fiscal Reforms" lectured by Kazumasa Oguro, Professor at Hosei University.
- September 2018: "Taiwan Identity and Cross-Strait Relations and Trump's Taiwan Policy and the Future of Taiwan-US Relations-Discussion at The Second Japan-Taiwan Strategic Dialogue (June 21, 2018, Taipei)-" written by OGATA, Makoto
- September 2018: "Japan-Taiwan Dialogue 2018 Minutes", 21st June 2018, Taipei, Taiwan.
- July 2018: Report on The Second Japan – Philippines Strategic Dialogue prepared by Ms. Vindu Mai Chotani, Ph.D. Student, Graduate School of Public Policy, Tokyo University.
- May 2018: "Civilian Control "at Crisis"? – Perhaps Not, for the Case of the Field Sit-reps from SDF's South Sudan Mission" reported by Ippeita Nishida, Research Fellow, the Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- January 2018: "Fukushima, Genki?Project-Young Taiwanese volunteers introduce the facts on Fukushima's revival through documentary films-" reported by OGATA, Makoto, Former Chief of the Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association in Taipei
- December 2017: "Commemorating a Quarter Century of Dispatches of the JSDF's PKO Units: Challenges and Possibilities in the Post South Sudan" written by Takayuki Shoji, Lecturer, Nihon University
- November 2017: "19th CCP National Congress" written by Mr. Bonji Ohara, Senior Research Fellow, the Sasakawa Peace Fondation
- October 2017: "What is Japan's Role in the Indo-China border conflict?" written by Dr. NGAO,Satoru, Research Fellow, Institute for Future Engineering
- July 2017: "Overview of the Current Situation in Taiwan-" the Naturally Independent Generation" will affect the Taiwan"s politics-" written by Makoto Ogata MGE.(Ret.)
- June 2017: "Japan-U.S. Economic Dialogue" written by Mr.Takaaki Asano
- March 2017: "The Japan-Philippines Strategic Dialogue" written by Mr. Hideshi Tokuchi
- February, 2017: Current topic "The Importance of Japan's Security Role Under Trump" written by Dr. Satoru Nagao is posted on the SSDP website.
- December, 2016: Current topic "Widening Security Task: Will SDF do the Job?" written by Mr. Ippeita Nishida is posted on the SSDP website.
- July 2024, Research journal "Security Studies vol6 no2" (How Has South Korea Changed under the Yoon Suk-yeol Administration?) in English edition was published.
- April 2024, Research journal "Security Studies vol6 no1" (The Middle East in Turmoil) in English edition was published.
- December 2023, Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no4" (What is th Global South?) in English edition was published.
- September 2023, Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no3" (Hegemonic America: Where It's Headed) in English edition was published.
- June 2023,Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no2" (Nuclear Crisis Scenarios Facing Japan and the Outlook of Nuclear Deterrence and Arms Control and Disarmament) in English edition was published.
- March 2023,Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no1" (What Will Happen to European Security?―Facing the War in Ukraine) in English edition was published.
- January 2023, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 4)" - Defending Our Country – Defense Policy in a "New Cold War Era - was published.
- October 2022, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 3)" - Xi Jinping's China - Politics, Economy, Society and Diplomacy - was published.
- Jun 2022, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 2)" -The Russia-Ukraine War and Its Global Impact- was published.
- March 2022, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 1)"-What is Economic Security?- was published.
- December 2021, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 3 no 4)"-Korean Peninsula Situation- was published.
- September 2021, A research journal "Security Studies vol03 no03" -Asia's Security II- (English edition)
- June 2021, A research journal "Security Studies vol03 no02" -Asia's Security I- (English edition)
- March 2021: Research journal "Security Studies (vol3 no1) "- US Foreign Policy in the Biden Administration / The 2020 US Presidential Election and American Democracy -(English edition)
- December 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no4) "- Normalize Japan-South Korea Relations trough Dialogues -(English edition)
- September 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no3) "-The Novel Coronavirus and Security-(English edition)
- July 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no2) - Middle East Situation and Japan's Security - " (English edition) was published
- May 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no1) - Cyber, Space, Environment and Security - " March 2020 (English edition)
- February 2020, "A research journal "Security Studies (vol1 no4) " (English edition)"
- September 2019: A research journal "Security Studies (vol1 no3) " (English edition)
- August 2019: Korea-Japan Joint Seminar: FUTURE CONSENSUS DIALOGUE
- April 2019: "Security Studies (vol1 no2) April 2019"
- March 2019: A research journal "Security Studies vol1 no01" just published
- February 2019: The Denuclearization of North Korea and the Takeshima Issue
- December 2018: Former Vice Defense Minister Masahiro Akiyama's Memoirs (An Ad)
- November 2018: Participation in the Future Consensus Forum held in Beijing
- September 2018: "2018 Indo-Pacific Security Dialogue" reported by Masahiro Akiyama
- 2017 December: "The Butterfly Project-A possibility of showing a solution to the North Korea problem-"
- October 2017: Campaign on the problems with North Korea
- August 2017: A New Containment Policy Strategy
- June 2017: Korean peninsla
- March 2017: President Duterte
- February, 2017: Kazakhstan
- November, 2016: Participated in Astana Club 2016 held in Kazakhstan on November 14- 16, 2016.