What will Become of Japan-South Korea Relations?
The 1965 Japan-South Korea Treaty System in Jeopardy
Masao Okonogi
1. Introduction: Clash of Identities
A distinction should be made between the two questions of what the historical friction between Japan and South Korea is and why it is now increasingly intensified. Simply put, the former is the clash of the national identities of the two countries, and the latter is associated with the intergenerational transmission of collective memory that causes "memory politics" and "memory wars."
Identity is self-awareness (Who am I? / self-portrait) based on language, culture, religion, history and others. It gains stability by the approval of others. It is a "self-understanding from outside," which is always accompanied by a "desire for recognition." Therefore, as Francis Fukuyama explains, the "politics of identity" is not the politics of desire or reason, but the "politics of dignity" (thumos, spirit, pluck), which turns to the "politics of resentment" when it fails to gain recognition. Moreover, as Anthony D. Smith points out, the establishment of national identity is per se the central goal of the nationalist movement. Therefore, the clash of identities can expand with ease into that of nationalisms.
From this perspective, have the Japanese and Koreans been truly disputing to examine historical facts? Or, once historical facts are confirmed, will they certainly accept them? Wouldn't they attempt to protect their own historical "dignities?" Such are my retrospective musings as one who advised Prime Minister Koizumi on the idea of the Japan-South Korea Joint History Research Project and served as the Japanese secretary on the first committee.
In the light of identity politics, the largest source of misfortune in modern Japan-ROK relations were Japan's acquisition, after the Russo-Japanese War, of Imperial Russia's interests in Kanto Province and the South Manchurian Railway --- and the Japanese "annexation" of Korea. While the politics of "protection" implies respect for identity, the goal of "annexation" is a territorial expansion and the deprivation of nationalism and identity. With the advantage of hindsight, Meiji Japan should have adopted as its foreign policy the British model of "non-intervention" in the continental Europe and a robust naval buildup. Even if Korea had become a colony of Russia, Japan could have supported, from behind, its independence movement. The Meiji government, which emerged victorious from the Boshin War and the Sino-Japanese War, had, however, little experience in relations with the Asian continent; it went so far as to, among other things, assassinate Empress Myeongseong, relying too much on military force.
The second source of misfortune was the protracted Sino-Japanese War and the wartime mobilization toward the end of World War II, especially the mobilization of comfort women and forced laborers. Although it was a wartime mobilization, it has come to be seen as symbolizing Japan's colonial rule over Korea. It has come to bear a significant meaning in the sense that it was utilized as supportive evidence for the Supreme Court of Korea's rulings that "if Japan's annexation of Korea was illegal, then the wartime mobilization was also illegal."
2. "Politics of Memory" and "War of Memory"
The recent intensification of historical friction between Japan and South Korea may be explained by the fact that after the end of the Cold War, the issue of comfort women and forced laborers came to be discussed in association with the "politics of memory" or the "war of memory." In other words, while Japan and South Korea were spending time in resolving their bilateral historical friction, the victims grew older, and the promoters of movements accusing the wartime mobilization changed from the victims themselves to the successors of collective memory, i.e., the younger generation of activists, lawyers, and politicians who are not victims themselves.
As Professor Shinya Hashimoto of Kwansei Gakuin University points out, the "politics of memory" is not peculiar to Japan and South Korea. He discussed the "politics of memory" by examining the example of Estonia, which underwent two totalitarian regimes under Soviet rule and Nazi rule. He analyzed the "Bronze Night," a post-Cold War upheaval that occurred in Tallinn in April 2007. Professor Jie-Hyun Lim of Sogang University (Seoul) also employed the concept of "Victimhood Nationalism" to discuss Israel, Poland, and South Korea.
The two professors point out that "hereditary collective memory" is characterized by an oversimplification of historical reality, confining it to the world of good and evil dualism doctrine --- perpetrators and victims. However, if the victim is an absolute "good," the perpetrator, denounced as an absolute "evil," is also obliged to respond based on his own "hereditary collective memory." As a result, the conflict between the two sides intensifies, and reconciliation and compromise become increasingly difficult.
Amid the international trend toward reconciliation and unity --- the end of the Cold War and European integration, the "politics of memory" in Japan and South Korea began with the democratization of South Korea and the inauguration of the "non-LDP" Hosokawa administration in Japan. The Kono Statement, released just before Prime Minister Miyazawa's resignation in August 1993, was followed by: the Gyeongju Summit between Kim Young-sam and Morihiro Hosokawa in November of the same year; the Murayama Statement in August 1995; the Joint Declaration by Kim Dae-jung and Keizo Obuchi in October 1998; and the Japan-ROK co-hosting of the Soccer World Cup in May-June 2002. This political trend was interrupted by the adoption of the "Takeshima Day" ordinance by the Shimane Prefectural Assembly in March 2005, which President Roh Moo-hyun heavily criticized.
During the second term in office of President Lee Myung-bak, the "politics of memory" definitely expanded into a "war of memory." It was ushered in by the Constitutional Court of Korea's August 2011 ruling on the "comfort women" issue and the Supreme Court of Korea's May 2012 ruling on the "forced labor" issue. At that time, the Constitutional Court of Korea acknowledged diplomatic protection for former comfort women; the Supreme Court of Korea judged the illegality of Japanese colonial rule, concluding that the individual claims of former forced laborers remain intact. Both rulings dismissed previous interpretations on the "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea (from here ‘the Japan-Korea Basic Relations Treaty')" and the "Agreement Between Japan and the Republic of Korea Concerning the Settlement of Problems in Regard to Property and Claims and Economic Cooperation (from here ‘the Japan-Korea Claims Agreement')" after a lapse of 40-50 years, shaking the underpinnings of the so-called "1965 system" and the "1998 system."
The "1965 system" represents the normalization of bilateral diplomatic relations by acknowledging the "already null and void" of all treaties or agreements concluded before the Japan-Korea "Annexation" Treaty of 1910, coupled with the mutual waiver of claims and economic cooperation. The ambiguity as to from when the old treaties, including the "Annexation" Treaty of 1910, were to become null and void left room for dual interpretations. The 1965 Treaty and Agreement included no wording expressing reflections or apologies regarding the Japanese colonial rule.
The "1998 System" is a cooperative system established by "Japan-Republic of Korea Joint Declaration: A New Japan-Republic of Korea Partnership towards the Twenty-first Century" dated October 1998. On the occasion of President Kim Dae-jung's official visit to Japan, Prime Minister Obuchi humbly acknowledged the historical fact that Japanese colonial rule inflicted enormous damage and suffering on the Korean people and expressed sincere remorse and heartfelt apology. Kim Dae-jung sincerely admitted the Prime Minister's perception of history, expressed appreciation, and pledged to develop future-oriented relations based on reconciliation and good neighborly cooperation. This was a political revision of the "1965 system."
It is not necessarily clear why the South Korean judiciary, especially the courts, often derided as the "servants of power," have begun to intervene in the interpretation of bilateral treaties and agreements. In my opinion, the democratization of South Korea has liberalized its judiciary and revived a traditional Korean political culture, namely, the Confucian tradition of political surveillance. This can be said to be a revival in 21st century South Korea of Confucian moralism and legalism, which seems to have been transformed into judicial activism, constraining the incumbent administration.
3. The Structuralization of Historical Friction
Regarding the South Korean judiciary's "intervention in historical interpretation," there was a significant gap between the responses of the Park Geun-hye administration and the Moon Jae-in administration. President Park attempted a diplomatic handling of the historical friction with Japan. She repeated criticism of Japan's stance on the historical issues while putting the brakes on the progress of the comfort women trials. She took the opportunity of her visits to China and the United States to criticize Japan. In November 2015, which fell upon the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Japan-Korea Basic Relations Treaty, President Park met with Prime Minister Abe in Seoul, thereby paving the way for a Japan-South Korea agreement on the comfort women issue.
Afterward, during his visit to South Korea in December 2015, Japanese Foreign Minister Kishida pledged to his Korean counterpart Yun Byung-se to contribute one billion yen to the establishment of the "Reconciliation and Healing Foundation" to care for comfort women survivors and conveyed Prime Minister Abe's apology. In addition, the two governments agreed to refrain from condemning or criticizing each other in international fora. The two foreign ministers described the solution of the comfort women issue as "final and irreversible." Thus, the comfort women issue was diplomatically dealt with, albeit with much difficulty.
Under the Moon Jae-in administration, which came to power in May 2017 following the impeachment of President Park, the Supreme Court of Korea initiated a retrial of the remanded case of wartime forced labor and issued a damage compensation order to Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation in October 2018 and to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. in November 2018, respectively. In November of the same year, the South Korean government announced the dissolution of the "Reconciliation and Healing Foundation" Foundation established based on the comfort women agreement. In January 2019, former President of the Supreme Court of Korea Yang Sung-Dae, who had held back the proceeding of the comfort women trial under the Park administration, was arrested. The Moon administration promoted the "war of memory" with its strict commitment to the mutual independence of state powers, victim-centeredness, and the "liquidation of pro-Japanese remnants."
However, the "final blow" that has ushered in the current bilateral stalemate came from the Japanese side. As time elapsed, the Japanese government became increasingly alarmed that the Japan-Korea Basic Relations Treaty and the Japan-Korea Claims Agreement would be hollowed out and the 1965 system would collapse. Prime Minister Abe decided to strike back at South Korea after the 2019 Osaka Summit (June 28-29) and before the announcement of the Upper House election (July 4). On July 1, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) announced an "Update of METI's licensing policies and procedures on exports of controlled items to the Republic of Korea." This was a linkage politics because it brought together two issues with different points of contention.
Preceding this, Foreign Minister Taro Kono, in an interview with the Dong-a Ilbo (June 26), clearly expressed Japan's intentions. Kono warned, "The decisions of the Supreme Court of Korea on the former Korean laborers clearly contradict the Japan-Korea Claims Agreement, which confirms that problems in regard to property and claims between the two countries have been ‘completely and finally settled,' and therefore overturn the legal foundation of the friendly and cooperative relationship that Japan and the Republic of Korea have developed since 1965."
4. Current Situation and Prospects
At a New Year's press conference in January 2021, President Moon Jae-in said he was a little embarrassed at the Seoul Central District Court's ruling in favor of the plaintiffs in a comfort women lawsuit. On the other hand, he acknowledged that the December 2015 agreement between Japan and South Korea on comfort women was an official agreement between the two governments and referred to his intention to avoid the "cashing out" of distrained assets of the Japanese defendant companies in the forced labor trial. With the expiration of Moon's presidential term in May 2022, the judiciary's decisions may be applying pressure to the Moon Jae-in administration. Also, in his first phone conversation with Prime Minister Kishida on October 15, 2021, President Moon described the point of contention between Japan and South Korea as differences in legal interpretation over the scope of application of the 1965 Japan-Korea Claims Agreement.
After the turn of the year, the Seoul Central District Court has issued different rulings --- one ordering the Japanese government to pay compensation and the other dismissing the case due to sovereign immunity --- in two comfort women lawsuits. As for the forced labor lawsuits, the judiciary has dismissed new lawsuits one after another on account of the statute of limitations. Nevertheless, as already seen, in October and November 2018, the Supreme Court of Korea finalized its compensation rulings against Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in the forced labor trials. As for the MHI case, the plaintiffs were instructed in September 2021 to sell some of the patents and trademarks they distrained to secure compensation. The defendant filed an immediate appeal, but if the Supreme Court of Korea dismisses it in the spring of next year, the auction procedure will begin. Little time is left for a diplomatic solution.
The 2022 South Korean presidential election is scheduled for March 2022, while the Japanese House of Councilors election will take place in July 2022. The two governments will unlikely resume full-scale diplomatic talks prior to those elections. In his policy speech on October 8, Prime Minister Kishida said, "The Republic of Korea (ROK) is an important neighbor. With a view to restoring sound relations between us, based on Japan's consistent position, I will strongly urge the ROK side to make appropriate responses," maintaining his existing basic position.
Needless to repeat, Japan's assertion that "the denial of the 1965 system would destroy the legal basis of Japan-Korea relations" is well-founded. If the 1965 system is overturned, there will be no foundation left for a fresh start. Article III of the Japan-Korea Claims Agreement, to which the Japanese side adheres, stipulates that "Any dispute between the High Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or the implementation of this Agreement shall be settled primarily through diplomatic channels," and that "Any dispute which cannot be settled… shall be submitted for decision to an arbitral commission of three arbitrators" consisting of two arbitrators each of whom should be appointed by each of the two governments and the third to be agreed upon by both of them. At the Japan-ROK vice-ministerial-level meeting in June 2019, the Japanese side proposed the establishment of an arbitration commission.
If South Korea proposes to create an arbitration commission under the Japan-Korea Claims Agreement, Japan will not or cannot reject such a proposal because it claims that both parties should abide by the Agreement. Can we not expect the commission to come up with some eclectic cogent solution persuasive to the people of both countries? Such a solution could constitute part of a larger diplomatic initiative. Such would be a much more proper and sensible solution than taking the matter to the International Court of Justice.
Finally, what impact will the prolonged geopolitical competition between the two superpowers with different regimes --- the United States and China --- have on Japan-South Korea relations? This is an issue of systemic change that encompasses Japan-South Korea relations. The Biden administration has been tightening and organizing strategic cooperation with its allies and friends. In addition to the FOIP, large- and small-scale international cooperations are being forged and promoted under US leadership to address each specific issue --- the QUAD, Japan-US-ROK coordination, and most recently, the AUKUS. Interestingly, such US efforts will bear the effect of curbing the growing historical friction between Japan and South Korea and promoting their bilateral cooperation in other areas. If the US-China confrontation and the North Korean threat are exacerbated, this trend will become more apparent --- it would have been even more so in the Cold War era.
Amid the US-China confrontation, Japan and South Korea should firmly recognize that they are US allies and share the same fundamental values: democracy, the market economy, and respect for freedom and human rights. Furthermore, both countries are middle powers with high industrial technology and are geographically adjacent to each other. South Korea is more dependent on economic relations with China than Japan, but their difference in this respect is a matter of degree. In short, both Japan and South Korea face the same problems and find strategic interest in balancing deterrence and diplomacy against China. They should firmly recognize this point and seek a common strategy, which would strengthen their international positions. Their efforts to share a long-term strategy will help cultivate common identity between Japan and South Korea and mitigate their historical friction.
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- January,2021, "An Assessment of the 2020 US Presidential Election-American Democracy Now-" lectured by Fumiaki Kubo, Professor, the University of Tokyo
- January,2021, "Two Trumpian Mysteries-Why did Trump win over 70 million votes? Why is his outrageous behavior unchecked?-" lectured by Kazuhiro Maeshima, Professor, Sophia University
- September, 2020, "The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and Internationa Relationsl" by Matake Kamiya, Professor, National Defense Academy of Japan
- September, 2020, "The Policy Agenda for the Xi Jinping Administration- COVID-19 Countermeasures and China's International Relations -" by Shin Kawashima, Professor, The University of Tokyo
- "Control in the United States and International Relations" by Koji Murata, Professor, Doshisha University
- September, 2020, "The EU's Response to COVID-19 and International Relations" by Yuichi Hosoya, Professor, Keio University
- August, 2020, "The Corona Crisis Seen from a Macroeconomic Perspective" written by Motoshige Itoh, Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo
- August, 2020, "The Coronavirus Pandemic and Japan's Infectious Disease Control" written by Takashi Mihara, Senior Research Fellow, NLI Research Institute
- August, 2020, "Infectious Disease Crisis Control in Japan- Recommendations on an Exit Strategy -" written by Kazumasa Oguro, Professor, Hosei University
- August, 2020, "Security against Infectious Disease Threats --- Policy Responses Abroad" written by Takashi Sekiyama, Associate Professor, Kyoto University
- June 2020,"Transformation of the International Order in the Middle East--- Varying Degrees of "Stateness" and Three Directions of the New Order" written by Satoshi Ikeuchi, Professor, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
- June 2020,"Destabilization in the Middle East and its Impacts on Japan's Energy Security" written by Amane Kobayashi, Research Fellow, The Institute of Energy Economics
- May 2020: Urgent Recommendations "Toward a V-shaped Recovery after the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic "Coronavirus Testing for All" --- the First Step of the Next Phase"
- May 2020: "US Diplomacy toward Iran: Economic Sanctions as a Diplomatic Tool" Hiroki Sugita Columnist, Kyodo News
- "Russian Factors in the Middle East" Taisuke Abiru Senior Research Fellow, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- "The SDF Dispatches to the Middle East --- History and Significance" Ippeita Nishida Senior Research Fellow, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- March 2020, "Space and Security" Kazuto Suzuki Professor, Hokkaido University
- March 2020, "The US Security Space Policy --- With a Focus on the Establishment of Two Space Forces" Yasuhito Fukushima Chief Researcher, The National Institute for Defense Studies
- March 2020, "China's Recent Activities in Space and Cyberspace" Bonji Ohara Senior Research Fellow, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- March 2020, "Environmental Security and Japan" Takashi Sekiyama Associate Professor, Kyoto University
- March 2020, "Changes in Global Environment and Security --- US Security Strategy" Hideshi Tokuchi Senior Fellow, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS)
- February 2020, "Cyberspace Security" Motohiro Tsuchiya Professor, Keio University
- February 2020, "Japan's Space and Cyberspace Policy" Yukinari Hirose Former President of the National Institute for Defense Studies
- December 2019, "The US-China Confrontation --- Where Will Hegemony Reside Next?" Akio Takahara Professor, the University of Tokyo
- December 2019, "Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy" Osamu Tanaka Chief Senior Researcher, Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
- December 2019, "US Strategic Perception on China: Implications for US Allied Partners" Tsuneo Watanabe Senior Fellow, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- November 2019, "The Xi Jinping Administration's View of the International Order– China's emphasis on United Nations diplomacy and liberal economic policies−" Shin Kawashima, Professor, the University of Tokyo
- November 2019, "The Future of China's Security Strategy" Hideshi Tokuchi, Senior Fellow, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- November 2019, "China --- Its Confidence and Anxiety" Bonji Ohara, Senior Research Fellow, Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- August 2019: Several Perspectives on the Korean Peninsula Issue--- The Deteriorating Japan-South Korea Relationship and the Uncertain Denuclearization of North Korea --- By Masahiro Akiyama Chairman, the SSDP
- July 2019, "An Outlook on the Denuclearization of North Korea--- What is the Stance of North Korea?---", Junya Nishino, Professor, Keio University
- July 2019, "An Outlook on the Denuclearization of North Korea --- How will the US move?", Narushige Michishita, Vice President, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- July 2019, "Discussion on Denuclearization of North Korea", SSDP Discussion Meeting on May 8, 2019
- May 2019: "Current Status and Prospects of South Korea and Japan's Frictions over History: How to address the Judicial Problems", Masao Okonogi, Professor Emeritus, Keio University
- May 2019: "South Korea and Japan's Frictions over History" (Comments), Junya Nishino, Professor, Keio University
- May 2019: Japan and South Korea Relationships (Question & Answer)
- March 2019: "The Present State and Prospects of the Indian Economy and Economic Policies" written by Koji Kobayashi, Senior Economist Mizuho Research Institute Ltd.
- March 2019: "The "Modi diplomacy" in the History of Indian diplomacy--- Departure from or maintenance of the traditional diplomacy? ---" written by Toru Ito, The National Defense Academy of Japan
- February 2019: Dynamics of Indian Politics and the 2019 General Elections, written by Chiharu Takenaka, Professor of Rikkyo University
- February 2019: "Cooperative Strategy" to Realize "Competitive Strategy"--- The composite structure of Japan's "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" strategy (vision) ---, written by Matake Kamiya, Professor at The National Defense Academy of Japan
- January 2019:, A paper, "How will the US midterm elections results affect the Trump administration's foreign policy for 2019?" written by Tsuneo Watanabe, Senior Fellow, the Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- January 2019:, A paper, "The Present and Future of the International Trade Order" , written by Akihiko Tamura, Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- December 2018: The US-China Competition and Japan, written by Ryo Sahashi, Professor at Kanagawa University
- December 2018: An Outlook for the US-China Trade War―What makes the two economically interdependent superpowers confront each other?―, written by Takashi Sekiyama, Associate professor at Toyo University
- September 2018: Proposal, "The Denuclearization of North Korea and the Restoration of Peace in the Korean Peninsula― Correct Perceptions and Eight Proposals on Japan's North Korea Diplomacy-" edited by the Society of Security and Diplomatic Policy Studies
- September 2018: "The Taiwan Policy of the Xi Jinping Administration in its Second Term: An Outlook on Cross-Strait Relations in the New Era" written by Yasuhiro Matsuda, Professor of the Tokyo University
- July 2018: "The EU States and Russia on North Korea Issues- Expansion of Influence through Diplomacy: Attempts and Limitations -" lectured by Yuichi Hosoya, Professor of Keio University
- "An Assessment of the US-North Korea Summit and an Outlook for the Future of the Korean Peninsula" lectured by Junya Nishino, Professor of Keio University
- "Korean Peninsula Issue and Japan's Future Security Policy" written by Hideshi Tokuchi, Senior Fellow of National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
- July 2018: "US North Korea policy affected by personnel changes in the Trump administration" lectured by Tsuneo Watanabe, Senior Fellow of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation.
- "China-North Korea relationship under Xi Jinping" lectured by Shin Kawashima, Professor of the Tokyo University.
- "North Korean Denuclearization and Russia" lectured by Nobuo Shimotomai, Professor of the Hosei University.
- March 2018: "The Network Hegemony Theory for a Security Architecture in The Asia Pacific Region" lectured by Masahiro Akiyama, Chairman, the Society of Security and Diplomatic Policy Studies
- January 2018: "A Destabilized Middle East" lectured by Koichiro Tanaka, Professor, Keio University
- December 2017: "Problems in Sino-Japanese Relations, 1992-2042" lectured by Ezra F. Vogel, Professor of the Social Sciences Emeritus at Harvard University
- November 2017: "The Future of the Asia-Pacific Region" written by Yoriko Kawaguchi, Fellow, the Meiji Institute for Global Affairs, Former Minister Foreign Affairs
- October 2017: "A New Trend in India's Foreign Policy and Japan" Written by HIROSE,Takako, Professor, Senshu University
- August 2017: "The Shocks that shook the Transatlantic World and their Implication for Japan's Foreign Policy" written by HOSOYA, Yuichi, Professor, Keio University
- August 2017: "Does Economic Interdependence not Encourage Collaboration? ―Thinking Japan-China Relations from an Economic Perspective―" written by Takashi SEKIYAMA, Ph.D., Toyo University
- July 2017: Proposal article "The Trump Administration's Impact on the Cross-Strait Relations" written by Yasuhiro Matsuda, Ph.D.
- June 2017: Proposal article "The outlook for the relationship between two great powers and implications for Japanese diplomacy" written by Professor Shin Kawashima
- May 2017: (Emergency Proposal) Facing the Inconvenient Truth: Re-examining Policy for Peace and Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula (Chief author, Masao Okonogi)
- March 2017: "Economic Influences of the Trump Administration" written by Professor Motoshige Ito
- February, 2017: Proposal article "Trump's Foreign and Security Policy - Unpredictable President, Realistic Secretaries - " written by Mr. Tsuneo Watanabe is posted on the website of SSDP.
- December, 2016: Proposal article "Reconsidering North Korea Policy: How to Deal with a Nuclear Armed Divided States" written by Professor Masao Okonogi is posted on the website of SSDP.
- Taiwan-Japan Round Table on August 24th, at Capital Tokyu Hotel
- Japan-Korea Political Leaders Dialogue was held on February 10th,2023 at International House of Japan
- March 2022, A remembrance seminar "Remembering Professor Ezra Vogel" held on January 17, 2022
- March 2021, Japan-ROK Parliamentary Dialogue -Japan-ROK Cooperation in the Era of US-China Competition- held on March 11, 2021
- December 2020: The report of the Japan-ROK Future Dialogue held on November 21 to discuss "Japan-ROK Cooperation in the Post-Covid-19 Era
- October 2020: "Responses to COVID-19 and Agendas for the Post-COVID-19 Era", A Brief Overview of the Japan-Korea Experts Dialogue held on July 29,30, 2020
- October 2020: "The China-Taiwan Confrontation over Corona Response and Taiwan's Security" written by Makoto Ogata, Former Chief of the Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association in Taipei
- May 2020: "Rivalries in the Middle East in New Security Dynamics", Written by Sayed Ghoneim, Major General (retired) of the Egyptian Armed Forces, Chairman, Institute for Global Security & Defence Affairs
- March 2020: The Japan-South Korea Relationship in a Cul-de-Sac--- Where is an Exit ? Masao Okonogi Professor Emeritus, Keio Universit
- December 2019: The Hong Kong Upheaval and the Future of Cross-Straits Relations-The 2019 Japan-Taiwan Strategic Dialogue Report OGATA, Makoto Former Chief of the Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association in Taipei
- August 2019: Report; 2019 FUTURE CONSENSUS DIALOGUE --Sustainable Prosperity and Future of Korea-U.S.-Japan Cooperation-- By Future Consensus Institute (Yeosijae)
- June 2019: Report on India – Japan Security Dialogue 2019 by Ms. Vindu Mai Chotani, Ph.D Student, The University of Tokyo
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June 2019: Four papers on Japan-India Cooperation submitted to India-Japan Security Dialogue 2019
-
Japan's Rationale for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision
Tsuneo Watanabe, Senior Fellow, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation -
The Significance and Possibilities of India-Japan Cooperation in the Concept of the Indo-Pacific
Toru ITO Associate Professor, National Defense Academy of Japan -
Japan-India Defense Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Context - Operationalizing the Security Aspect of the Indo-Pacific Vision –
Hideshi Tokuchi, Senior Fellow, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) -
India-US-Japan Defense Cooperation: What's next?
Dr. Satoru Nagao, Hudson Institute
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Japan's Rationale for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision
- November 2018: "The Present State of the Japanese Economy and Policy Issues" lectured by Motoshige Itoh, Professor Emeritus at the University of Tokyo.
- November 2018: "Expanding Social Security Expenses and Fiscal Reforms" lectured by Kazumasa Oguro, Professor at Hosei University.
- September 2018: "Taiwan Identity and Cross-Strait Relations and Trump's Taiwan Policy and the Future of Taiwan-US Relations-Discussion at The Second Japan-Taiwan Strategic Dialogue (June 21, 2018, Taipei)-" written by OGATA, Makoto
- September 2018: "Japan-Taiwan Dialogue 2018 Minutes", 21st June 2018, Taipei, Taiwan.
- July 2018: Report on The Second Japan – Philippines Strategic Dialogue prepared by Ms. Vindu Mai Chotani, Ph.D. Student, Graduate School of Public Policy, Tokyo University.
- May 2018: "Civilian Control "at Crisis"? – Perhaps Not, for the Case of the Field Sit-reps from SDF's South Sudan Mission" reported by Ippeita Nishida, Research Fellow, the Sasakawa Peace Foundation
- January 2018: "Fukushima, Genki?Project-Young Taiwanese volunteers introduce the facts on Fukushima's revival through documentary films-" reported by OGATA, Makoto, Former Chief of the Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association in Taipei
- December 2017: "Commemorating a Quarter Century of Dispatches of the JSDF's PKO Units: Challenges and Possibilities in the Post South Sudan" written by Takayuki Shoji, Lecturer, Nihon University
- November 2017: "19th CCP National Congress" written by Mr. Bonji Ohara, Senior Research Fellow, the Sasakawa Peace Fondation
- October 2017: "What is Japan's Role in the Indo-China border conflict?" written by Dr. NGAO,Satoru, Research Fellow, Institute for Future Engineering
- July 2017: "Overview of the Current Situation in Taiwan-" the Naturally Independent Generation" will affect the Taiwan"s politics-" written by Makoto Ogata MGE.(Ret.)
- June 2017: "Japan-U.S. Economic Dialogue" written by Mr.Takaaki Asano
- March 2017: "The Japan-Philippines Strategic Dialogue" written by Mr. Hideshi Tokuchi
- February, 2017: Current topic "The Importance of Japan's Security Role Under Trump" written by Dr. Satoru Nagao is posted on the SSDP website.
- December, 2016: Current topic "Widening Security Task: Will SDF do the Job?" written by Mr. Ippeita Nishida is posted on the SSDP website.
- July 2024, Research journal "Security Studies vol6 no2" (How Has South Korea Changed under the Yoon Suk-yeol Administration?) in English edition was published.
- April 2024, Research journal "Security Studies vol6 no1" (The Middle East in Turmoil) in English edition was published.
- December 2023, Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no4" (What is th Global South?) in English edition was published.
- September 2023, Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no3" (Hegemonic America: Where It's Headed) in English edition was published.
- June 2023,Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no2" (Nuclear Crisis Scenarios Facing Japan and the Outlook of Nuclear Deterrence and Arms Control and Disarmament) in English edition was published.
- March 2023,Research journal "Security Studies vol5 no1" (What Will Happen to European Security?―Facing the War in Ukraine) in English edition was published.
- January 2023, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 4)" - Defending Our Country – Defense Policy in a "New Cold War Era - was published.
- October 2022, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 3)" - Xi Jinping's China - Politics, Economy, Society and Diplomacy - was published.
- Jun 2022, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 2)" -The Russia-Ukraine War and Its Global Impact- was published.
- March 2022, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 4 no 1)"-What is Economic Security?- was published.
- December 2021, Research Jounal "Security Studies (vol 3 no 4)"-Korean Peninsula Situation- was published.
- September 2021, A research journal "Security Studies vol03 no03" -Asia's Security II- (English edition)
- June 2021, A research journal "Security Studies vol03 no02" -Asia's Security I- (English edition)
- March 2021: Research journal "Security Studies (vol3 no1) "- US Foreign Policy in the Biden Administration / The 2020 US Presidential Election and American Democracy -(English edition)
- December 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no4) "- Normalize Japan-South Korea Relations trough Dialogues -(English edition)
- September 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no3) "-The Novel Coronavirus and Security-(English edition)
- July 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no2) - Middle East Situation and Japan's Security - " (English edition) was published
- May 2020: A research journal "Security Studies (vol2 no1) - Cyber, Space, Environment and Security - " March 2020 (English edition)
- February 2020, "A research journal "Security Studies (vol1 no4) " (English edition)"
- September 2019: A research journal "Security Studies (vol1 no3) " (English edition)
- August 2019: Korea-Japan Joint Seminar: FUTURE CONSENSUS DIALOGUE
- April 2019: "Security Studies (vol1 no2) April 2019"
- March 2019: A research journal "Security Studies vol1 no01" just published
- February 2019: The Denuclearization of North Korea and the Takeshima Issue
- December 2018: Former Vice Defense Minister Masahiro Akiyama's Memoirs (An Ad)
- November 2018: Participation in the Future Consensus Forum held in Beijing
- September 2018: "2018 Indo-Pacific Security Dialogue" reported by Masahiro Akiyama
- 2017 December: "The Butterfly Project-A possibility of showing a solution to the North Korea problem-"
- October 2017: Campaign on the problems with North Korea
- August 2017: A New Containment Policy Strategy
- June 2017: Korean peninsla
- March 2017: President Duterte
- February, 2017: Kazakhstan
- November, 2016: Participated in Astana Club 2016 held in Kazakhstan on November 14- 16, 2016.